Hammer toes are a condition where one or more toes bend downward at the middle joint, creating a claw-like appearance. This deformity typically results from an imbalance in the muscles and tendons that control toe movement, often exacerbated by wearing ill-fitting shoes or having a genetic predisposition. The affected toes become rigid and difficult to straighten, leading to discomfort and difficulty in finding properly fitting footwear.

Patients with hammer toes frequently experience pain and pressure at the top of the affected toes, especially when wearing shoes that don’t accommodate the deformity. This pressure can lead to corns and calluses forming on the toe joints, compounding discomfort. Over time, the persistent abnormal positioning of the toes can cause joint stiffness and further functional limitations, making walking and other activities challenging. Treatment generally involves wearing shoes with a wider toe box, using orthotic devices, and performing stretching exercises. In more severe cases, surgical correction may be necessary to realign the toes and relieve pain.