Corns and calluses are common foot issues that result from repeated friction and pressure, often due to ill-fitting shoes or abnormal gait.

Corns are small, thickened areas of skin that typically form on the toes. They often have a central, hardened core.  They develop from localized pressure or friction. This can be due to tight or ill-fitting shoes, high heels, or abnormalities in foot structure.  There are hard corns (usually on the tops or sides of toes) and soft corns (between toes, where it’s moist and softer).  Corns can cause localized pain or tenderness, especially when pressure is applied, like when wearing shoes. They may make walking uncomfortable or even painful. If not treated, corns can become inflamed and infected.

Maintaining good foot hygiene and wearing appropriate footwear are key in preventing the formation of corns and calluses and ensuring overall foot health.

Calluses are thickened areas of skin that develop on the soles of the feet, particularly on the heels or balls of the feet.  They form due to prolonged pressure or friction, often from walking or standing for long periods, or from ill-fitting footwear.  They tend to be larger than corns and have a rough, yellowish surface.
 
​Calluses themselves are generally not painful, but they can cause discomfort by changing the normal gait or pressure distribution on the foot.  They can lead to foot fatigue or discomfort, particularly if they are very thick or located in areas that experience high pressure.  If they become too thick, calluses might crack, leading to potential infections.